William Oughtred and the History of the Slide Rule

Before we had calculators we had slide rules. The circular (1632) and rectangular (1620) slide rules were invented by an Episcopalian minister and mathematician William Oughtred. History of the Slide Rule A calculating tool, the invention of the slide rule was made possible by John Napiers invention of logarithms, and Edmund Gunters invention of logarithmic scales, which slide rules are based upon. Logarithms Logarithms made it possible to perform multiplications and divisions by addition and subtraction, according to The Museum of HP Calculators. Mathematicians had to look up two logs, add them together and then look for the number whose log was the sum. Edmund Gunter reduced the labor by drawing a number line in which the positions of numbers were proportional to their logs. William Oughtred simplified things further with the slide rule by taking the two Gunters lines and sliding them relative to each other thus eliminating the dividers. William Oughtred William Oughtred made the first slide rule by inscribing logarithms on wood or ivory. Before the invention of the pocket or handheld calculator, the slide rule was a popular tool for calculations. The use of slide rules continued until about 1974, after which electronic calculators became more popular. Later Slide Rules Several inventors improved upon William Oughtreds slide rule. 1677 - Henry Coggeshall invented a 2-foot folding slide rule for lumber measure, called the Coggeshall slide rule.1815 - Peter Mark Roget invented the log slide rule, which included a scale displaying the logarithm of the logarithm.1859 - French artillery lieutenant Amà ©dà ©e Mannheim invented an improved slide rule.1891 - Edwin Thacher introduced a cylindrical slide rule in the United States.The duplex rule was invented by William Cox in 1891.

Symptoms And Treatments Of Schizophrenia - 1205 Words

Schizophrenia Roughly 2.5 Million Americans have been diagnosed with a chronical brain disorder known as Schizophrenia. Most people believe schizophrenia causes people to have split personalities, but that’s not the case. The illness called Schizophrenia causes a person to hallucinate, hear voices that others can’t hear, make people believe that they are being watched, and the belief somebody is out to harm them. (Mental Health America 2015) In this paper I will write about the prevalence, what causes schizophrenia, symptoms and what the treatments options are. Schizophrenia is not as well-known as other brain disorders such as depression, anxiety, and bipolar but it is also a very serious and chronic disorder that has been interfering†¦show more content†¦Older children such as teenagers are not as lucky as smaller children because it is not uncommon for them to be diagnosed with the disorder. Normally the First signs in a teenager who is affected with Schizophrenia are not as noticeable because the symptoms of the illness are much like the behavior that is expected from a teenager. The symptoms that are easily missed in teenagers are irritability, problems in school, and lack of interest in family and friends. The symptoms that I have listed are usually missed because many parents associate these types of things with normal teens who basically don’t like anything. This disorder doesn’t have a favorite type of person and can strike anyone at any time. This disorder only affects the brain and scientists have been unable to determine what causes it develop within a person’s brain. Experts believe that chemical imbalances in the brain combined with genetics and even the environment possibly are what causes Schizophrenia. Genetics has always been pointed out as a root cause for this disorder to develop because historically people that have family members that have already been diagnosed with the disorder are more likely to develop the disorder themselves. The risk for developing schizophrenia has always been higher in people who have a family history of this mind consuming disorder and other types of mental illnesses. The

The Securities And Exchange Commission - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about The Securities And Exchange Commission. Answer: The hospitality program conducted by BHP Billiton for the government officials in the Olympics games during the year 2009 in Beijing are considered to be inappropriate in the eyes of laws. This is because such hospitality program aims to gain support from the government officials by the company to achieve its business objectives. The SEC in this case has exposed the illegal practices of BHP Billiton that does not comply with the code of conduct of the company and therefore regarded to be unfair and unethical. The launching of a hospitality program is not considered to be appropriate for a business entity in general. There is a code of conduct for the government officials that they cannot accept any hospitability services and gifts that exceed a specific amount that is exposed by SEC during the hospitality program. These gifts and services are considered to be bribe offered by BHP Billiton for achieving its personal business motives and thus are regarded to be inappropriate (Plum, 201 5). BHP Billiton was the official sponsor of the Beijing Olympics games held in 2008 and company has the right to use the Olympics trademark and has the right to access the Olympics tickets. In additions of the tickets, BHP has the right to access the hospitality suits and also the accommodations. They make use of such access to invite the Chinese Officials to join such hospitality program for providing them entertainment and thus pleasing them to gain support for its mining deal in Cambodia (Groot, 2015). It has been reported in media that top executive of the BHP has approached the officials of the Beijing Olympics soon after the Sydney Olympics has ended in year 2000. The evidences also revealed that BHP Billiton was regarded to be as the diversified minerals and medal sponsor for the 2008 Beijing Olympics. This also raised the questions regarding the nature of the sponsorship program of BHP Billiton. It has been exposed by SEC that such a program launched by BHP only aims to develop a closer relation with the Chinese government officials for its future business projects. The hospitality program not only aims to advertise the products and services of the company to the government officials but also to develop a strong bond with them. The development of closer relations with the Chinese Officials, who are mainly executives in state-owned steel making firms, was important for the company as they are its important clients (Plum, 2015). As such, the activities of BHP Billiton was considered to be inappropriate when it launched the hospitality program during Olympics at Beijing in the year 2008 as it has not implemented proper controls for preventing the occurrence of activities related to bribery and corruption. The company has also not provided details regarding the expenditure incurred during its hospitality program (Mintzer, 2015). It has been estimated that the company has incurred an expenditure of about 10 million dollars for entertaining the Chinese officials. As such, the high cost involved for carrying out hospitality program is regarded to be unfair and is considered as a case of foreign bribery. The program was launched by BHO Billiton in consideration of global ethics panel for ensuring the effective compliance with the Australian and international laws related to preventing the occurrence of corrupt practices such as bribery (Anti-Bribery Laws in Australia, 2017). The BHP Billiton is also alleged for inviting the government officials who are in a position to influence the pending matters of the company related to its mineral exploration activities in Cambodia. In addition to this, the SEC has also found out in the matter that the invites send by BHP Billion to government officials during the hospital program were not accurate and complete. It has also not provided specific training to its employees and executives for the hospitality program and therefore the staff members has not effectively complied with the anti-corruption polices during the program. There is absence of an independent risk and audit commit within the company that can shed light on the unethical activities carried out by the company during the hospitality program (Are your sponsorship and hospitality controls enough to satisfy the FCPA, 2015). The investigation of the hospitality program by the SEC has put BHP under the breach of Australian bribery laws. The case has put dire ct claims on BHP Billiton for launching the hospitality program only for supporting its business plans of growth in Cambodia. As such, bribing a foreign official is regarded as a serious offence under the section 70.2 of the Criminal Code in Australia. Thus, the analysis of the activities of BHP Billiton during the hospitality program has negatively impacted its brand image to a large extent in Australia (BHP Billiton: Resourcing the Future, 2009). References Anti-Bribery Laws in Australia. 2017. [Online]. Available at: https://www.ashurst.com/en/news-and-insights/legal-updates/quickguide-anti-bribery-laws-in-australia/ [Accessed on: 10 January 2018]. Are your sponsorship and hospitality controls enough to satisfy the FCPA? Maybe not. 2015. [Online]. Available at: https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=f6dada51-54f0-4dfb-9e23-03c9354b1b3e [Accessed on: 10 January 2018]. Groot, C. 2015. Sponsorship of the Olympic Games, BHP Billiton and the Securities and Exchange Commission. [Online]. Available at: https://leidenlawblog.nl/articles/sponsorship-of-the-olympic-games-bhp-billiton-and-the-securities-and-exchan [Accessed on: 10 January 2018]. Plum, A. 2015. BHP fined $US25m after Olympics bribery probe. [Online]. Available at: https://www.theaustralian.com.au/business/news/bhp-fined-us25m-after-olympics-bribery-probe/news-story/9e0022cc7cab5edeedcc71ae7f7c27a4 [Accessed on: 10 January 2018]. BHP Billiton: Resourcing the Future. 2009. [Online]. Available at: https://www.unglobalcompact.org/system/attachments/4518/original/sustainabilitySupplementaryInformation2009.pdf?1266389552 [Accessed on: 10 January 2018]. Mintzer, R. 2015. Inhospitable Hospitality: BHP Billitons $25M FCPA Fine. [Online]. Available at: https://www.ieyenews.com/wordpress/inhospitable-hospitality-bhp-billitons-25m-fcpa-fine/ [Accessed on: 10 January 2018].

The term Postmodernism Essay Thesis Example For Students

The term Postmodernism Essay Thesis Lyotard for instance thought that modernity was dead by explaining that Truth as a condition of modernity was replaced by performativity, or usefulness, a condition of postmodernism (Connor, 1989). Connor critiqued Lyotard by arguing utility was another form of rationalisation. Beaudrillard, who focussed on symbolism and consumer culture, wrote that the end of economy symbolised the end of modernity and described that modernity is losing all its substance for the pursuit of the superficial aesthetic (Kumar, 1995). We will write a custom essay on The term Postmodernism Thesis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Bertens and Natoli (2002) critiqued Baudrillards predominant concern with symbols over the real and referred to his exaggerated view of postmodernism as represented by symbolism as a hyper-reality. Postmodernism or late modernity? Some writers describe society and culture as late modernity while others prefer to describe it as postmodern. It is unclear that there is a difference between the two. Kumar describes postmodenism as the effect of key changes including sensitivity to difference in society and acceptance of pathological arguments. For Kumar, the dismantling of society does not equal the end of modernity. Deconstructionist writers like Derrida and De Sassure focus on theories that fragment metanarratives or truth. Their focus is on plurality of knowledge by way of multiple interpretations of signs like those in mass media and consumer culture (Beaudrillard, 1988). In this way, it is no longer possible to utilise one narrative, as signs in consumer culture are pastiched and can provide plural meanings rather than contradictory ones. While for Baudrillard and Lyotard, plurality is the demise of the authentic and therefore the end of modernity, Kumar, describes the extension of modernity in saying the combination of many traditions to form a new, rather than rejection of the old tradition. (Kumar,1995,105) Kumar explains that it is not clear that postmodernity has begun, nor that modernity is clearly over. Rather than it being a clearly demarcated phase, it is described as unevenly loose process that is clearly happening where There is simply a more or less random directionless flux across all sections of society. (Kumar, 1995, 103). He perceives these changes to be consistent with postmodernism but realizes there is no guiding principle for the change as for example in Marxist theory and capitalism. Other key writers advocating for the relevance of modernism, are Smart, Lash Ury, Crook and Habermas. Crook (1992) critiques Habermas by arguing that we are in an advanced state of modernism or known as late modernism rather than postmodernism. He argues that if capitalism is associated with modernism, then advanced rationalisation and comodification can only mean we are in a high level of modernism. Crook prefers to sit more on the fence and although advises against nostalgia for modernism he explains it is too early to predict the postmodern condition but also premature to say modernism is over (Crook et al, 1992). Meta narratives like progress and rationality are still sought as the final end. To conclude this briefing, an understanding of postmodernism in the absence of a clearly guided definition has been provided. Potmodernism referred to the breakdown of modernity or at least the transformation of modernity. This briefing discussed that where modernism meant the embracing of universal truths like progress, reason and rationality, postmodernism could be seen in two ways; abandonment of the modern for the pursuit of a different approach or the extension of modernity. Under this scenario, I discussed the blurring of different knowledge. The question remains to be clarified as to whether western society is in a modern or postmodern reality. Given the Bush administrations post September 11 warfare, the pursuit for truth like freedom and liberty has widened the gap between modern and postmodern thinking at a global level and polarized those who believe in universal truths and those that do not.

Basic Needs vs. Frivolous Spending essays

Basic Needs vs. Frivolous Spending essays The focus on money has become a major issue that comes upon all people at anytime. This problem can be even more profound through the life of an architect. Being offered a job with more commission is a large benefit, but taking a pay cut to serve and help the community should come into play faster. In the case of the architect that has been offered to either design three private houses with a budget of three million and a commission of 10% or a low cost housing project with the same budget of three million and only a 5% commission. On one side of the spectrum she would only have to design three private dwellings and receive a commission of $30,000. Then on the complete other side she could choose to design the 36 low-cost family houses and collect only $15,000. Either job would be excellent to have as an income boost, but the moral dilemma runs deeper than the money does. To come to a final decision she needs to take both projects into consideration, and think of both the positives and negatives. Knowing that she was offered to job for the three private dwellings is an accomplishment in itself. The opportunities to have one million dollars at your own will to design and construct these houses is a true pleaser. She must also think of what the need-based demand is for these houses are. If the owners are able to pay that amount of money, the need for the house must not be that great. Although it is much speculation about how important the houses are to these people, it would be logical to think that these people would be able to find another architect to do the work at the same price. The low-cost housing development is a different story. These houses are more of a necessity for them. Seeing this project up for production should ring a bell inside her head. Building these houses would help 36 families get into a better place of living, and create a better environment for children and tee ...

Jamestown Settlement essays

Jamestown Settlement essays I am writing to you to tell you that I have returned from my assignment in the New World. My adventures in the Virginia colony were interesting but I am glad to be back home in London. While in Virginia, I led the typical colonist lifestyle. At first I had a rough time adjusting to my new life in the colony but in the end, I enjoyed my visit to the New World. As you can imagine, I was quite surprised when I got my assignment from Boats R Us to travel to the New World. When I was notified that I would be traveling to the new English settlement, I was pretty scared but I eventually got over it. It didnt really set in that I was actually traveling to the New World until I was boarding the boat. The date was December 20, 1606 and the rest of the passengers and myself were waiting for the 3 ships to tell us when to start loading. We were all asking about how long the trip would last but nobody seemed to know the answer. Finally the boats told us they were ready so I boarded my boat, the Susan Constant. Many of the people I was talking to boarded the other two boats, Godspeed and Discovery. As I unpacked my things and got settled in I wondered if I would ever see London again. We arrived at our destination on May 24, 1607. At our first stop we were attacked by Indians, so we kept going up the bay. We decided to settle on the banks of the James River, which we named after our king at the time, King James 1. We obviously arent the smartest people in the world because we picked a place that was infested with mosquitoes and disease. Nevertheless we stayed at our chosen location and appropriately named it Jamestown. Many of the friends (and enemies) I had met on the ships died from disease and lack of proper food. Some even died before we reached Jamestown. One cause of the excessive deaths was that many of the colonists spent almost all of their time searching for gold instead of harvesting food...

Editi a paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 6

Editi a paper - Essay Example By doing these things, the researcher will be inspired to come up with brilliant ideas and these will open new paths to conducting a well-structured research. There are some steps and characteristics that make a good researcher what he is. The most important characteristics he has to have, in my opinion, are open-mindedness, constantly seeking the truth and adapting a critical way of thinking, and by this he not only criticizes, but also knows how to expand and develop the research topic into something more than what has already been done. Being an open-minded researcher means understanding, accepting other peoples` ideas and respecting their opinions. When writing a research paper, the researcher should seek the truth to develop a trustworthy and valid research. A researcher should be a critical thinker, which means that he has to search for, compare different perspectives and clarify important concepts on the target topic. Moreover, a researcher should be honest, should never cease to ask even the seemingly easy questions and should base his judgment on good evidence. In the overall research writing, a good researcher is the one who nev er ceases to ask the hows and whys. Before enrolling in this master program, I only had a little knowledge on how to write a research paper or conduct a study due to the lack of research method curriculum in my university. After enrolling in this program, I learned a lot about research methods and how to write a well organized paper. I also learned how to collect data and find reliable resources, which, in my opinion, are some of the most important factors of a research. Finally, I would encourage graduate and undergraduate students to be enrolled in a research methods course and to read more about writing research papers, as this also helps to develop the way they think and deal with whatever data they may be presented in the